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  • 自由铸件坯料尺寸

    时间:2010-08-27 17:12 作者:皓舜管道 点击:
    确定自由铸件坯料的尺寸时,应满足对锻件的锻造比要求,并应考虑变形工序对坯料尺寸的限制,采用镦粗法锻造时,为避免镦弯,坯料的高径比 (H 0 /D 0 <2.5).

    自由铸件坯料尺寸 根据坯料质量即可确定坯料尺寸。 在计算坯料尺寸前,先要考虑锻造比。
    【锻造比】是指坯料在锻造前后的断面积的比值。
       对于拔长工序来说,其锻造比 R d 可按下式计算:
                   R d =A 0 /A 1 或 L 1 /L 0
        式中 A 0 、 A 1 —— 拔长前、后坯料的断面积 ;
           L 0 、 L 1 —— 拔长前、后坯料的长度。
       对于镦粗工序来说,其锻造比 (R u )可按下式计算:
                     R u =A 1 /A 0 或H 0 /H 1
        式中 A 0 、 A 1 ——镦 粗前、后坯料的断面积 ;
          H 0 、 H 1 ——镦 粗前、后坯料的高度。
       确定坯料的尺寸时,应满足对锻件的锻造比要求,并应考虑变形工序对坯料尺寸的限制。采用镦粗法锻造时,为避免镦弯,坯料的高径比 (H 0 /D 0 <2.5)。但为下料方便,坯料高径比还应大于1.25。
       根据坯料质量,由下式求出坯料体积 V 坯 。
                    V 坯 =m 坯 / ρ
          ρ—— 金属密度。对于钢铁 ρ =7.85kg/dm 3 。
       然后,求出坯料横截面积A 0 。
       采用拔长法锻造时,由公式:
                    A 0 =R d A 1
       因锻后横截面积A 1 可知,故可求出A 0 ( 坯料为钢锭时,锻造比R d 取2.3~3.0;坯料为轧材时, R d 取l.3~1.5), 最后可求出坯料直径或边长。根据不同类型的锻件选用不同的锻造工序。 工序确定后,尚须确定所用的工夹具、加热设备、加热和冷却规范及根据锻件质量确定锻造设备。 

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